ABD’nin ve ?ngiltere’nin konu?tu?u dil her ne kadar ortak olsa da detaylara inildi?inde bir�ok noktada birbirinden ayr?l?yor. British yani Britanya ile Amerikan ingilizcesi aras?nda ba?ta telaffuz olmak �zere �nemli farkl?l?klar bulunuyor. Bu farkl?l?klar sonucu zaman zaman ?ngilizce’nin en iyi konu?uldu?u bu 2 �lkede ya?ayanlar?n birbirini anlama noktas?nda zorluklar ya?ad??? bir ger�ek.

Ek?is�zl�k yazar? ‘archer05’ aradaki temel farklar? etkileyici bir ?ekilde anlat?yor ve anlat?m?na ?�yle bir �rnekle ba?l?yor:

“�rne?in ‘john was very keen to help’ ?eklindeki bir ?ngiliz’in c�mlesini bir Amerikal? �ok b�y�k ihtimalle anlamayacakt?r, ta ki siz ‘keen’ kelimesinin e? anlaml?s? i�in eager diyene kadar.”

�ncelikle Vocabulary farkl?l?klar?na g�z atal?m.

british english ————————american english

anti-clockwise ————————counter-clockwise
articulated lorry———————-trailer truck
autumn———————————autumn, fall
barrister——————————–attorney
bill (restaurant)———————–bill, check
biscuit ———————————-cookie
block of flats————————–apartment building
bonnet (clothing)——————–hat
bonnet (car)—————————hood
boot————————————-trunk
caravan———————————trailer
car park———————————parking lot
chemist’s shop———————–drugstore, pharmacy
curtain———————————-drapes
chest of drawers———————dresser, chest of drawers, bureau
chips————————————fries, french fries
the cinema—————————-the movies
clothes peg—————————-clothespin
coffin————————————coffin, casket
crisps————————————potato chips
crossroads—————————–intersection; crossroads (rural)
cupboard——————————cupboard (in kitchen); closet (for clothes etc)
diversion——————————-detour
drawing-pin—————————thumbtack
drink-driving————————–drunk driving
driving licence————————driver’s license
dual carriageway——————–divided highway
dummy (for baby)——————-pacifier
dustbin ———————————garbage can, trash can
dustman——————————-garbage collector
engine ———————————engine, motor
estate agent—————————real estate agent
estate car——————————station wagon
film————————————–film, movie
flat—————————————apartment, flat, studio
flat tyre———————————flat tire
flyover———————————-overpass
gearbox (car)————————-transmission
gear-lever—————————–gearshift
girl guide——————————girl scout
ground floor————————–ground/first floor
handbag——————————-handbag, purse, shoulder bag
high street—————————–main street
holiday ——————————–vacation
hood (car)—————————–convertible top
jam ————————————-jam, preserves
jug ————————————–jug, pitcher
juggernaut—————————-18-wheeler
lift—————————————elevator
lorry————————————truck, semi, tractor
mad————————————crazy, insane
main road—————————-highway
maize———————————-corn
maths———————————math
motorbike—————————-motorcycle
motorway—————————-freeway, expressway
motorway —————————highway, freeway, expressway, interstate highway, interstate
nappy———————————diaper
naughts and crosses————–tic-tack-toe
pants, underpants—————–underpants, drawers
pavement—————————-sidewalk
pet hate——————————pet peeve
petrol———————————gas, gasoline
the plough ————————–big dipper
pocket money———————-allowance
post———————————–mail
postbox——————————mailbox
postcode—————————–zip code
postman—————————–mailman, mail carrier, letter carrier
pub———————————–bar
public toilet————————rest room, public bathroom
railway——————————railroad
return (ticket)———————round-trip
reverse charge——————–collect call
ring road—————————beltway, freeway/highway loop
road surface———————- pavement, blacktop
roundabout traffic—————circle, roundabout
rubber——————————-eraser
rubbish—————————–garbage, trash
rubbish-bin————————garbage can, trashcan
saloon (car)————————sedan
shop———————————shop, store
silencer (car)———————-muffler
single (ticket)———————one-way
solicitor—————————-lawyer, attorney
spanner—————————-wrench
sweets—————————–candy
taxi ———————————taxi, taxi cab
tea towel————————–dish towel
telly (informal), tv—————television, tv
third-party insurance———-liability insurance
timetable————————-schedule
tin———————————-can
toll motorway——————-toll road, turnpike
torch——————————-flashlight
trousers—————————pants, trousers
tube (train)———————–subway
underground (train)———–subway
vest——————————–undershirt
waistcoat————————-vest
wallet—————————–wallet, billfold
wellington boots—————rubber boots, rain boots
whisky—————————-whisky/whiskey
windscreen———————-windshield
zip———————————zipper

Topluluk isimlerini (Collective Nouns) tekil ve �o?ul yapma konusunda da farkl?l?klar vard?r. Amerikan ?ngilizcesi topluluk isimlerini tekil sayarken, Britanya ?ngilizcesi bunlar? hem tekil hem �o?ul saymaktad?r. �rne?in;

“My family are on holiday now” c�mlesi kula?? t?rmalayabilir, bir Amerikan bu c�mleyi tuhaf kar??layacakt?r, onlar i�in “My family is on holiday” do?rudur. Ama britanya halk? i�in ilk c�mle de do?rudur.

Bir milli futbol tak?m? i�in kurulan ?�yle bir c�mlede ?a??rabilirsiniz:

“England are playing well tonight”

Ancak ada ?ngilizcesi i�in bu do?rudur.

Bir ba?ka fark da Shall ve Need i�in ge�erlidir. Amerikanlar Shall kullanmazlar, hatta �o?u bilmez bile ne oldu?unu. ?ngilizler’in “Shall we go now?” ?eklinde kurduklar? bir c�mleyi Amerikanlar shall’in past hali olan should kullanarak “Should we go now?” ?eklinde kuracaklard?r.

Britanya halk? Need kelimesini do?rudan bir modal gibi kullan?rken Amerikanlar i�in Need bir fiildir. ?�yle ki:

You needn’t speak about it (British)
You don’t need to speak about it (American)

Baz? fiillerin ge�mi? zaman formlar? da farkl?l?klardan biridir. Britanya ?ngilizcesi i�in d�zenli baz? fiiller Amerikan ?ngilizcesi’nde d�zensiz say?lmaktad?r.

british english———————————————-american english

burn / burned / burned———————————burn / burnt / burnt
dream / dreamed / dreamed————————–dream / dreamt / dreamt
lean / leaned / leaned———————————–lean / leant / leant
learn / learned / learned——————————–learn / learnt / learnt
smell / smelled /smelled——————————-smell / smelt / smelt
spell / spelled /spelled———————————-spell / spelt / spelt
spill / spilled / spilled————————————spill / spilt / spilt
spoil / spoiled / spoiled———————————spoil / spoilt / spoilt

Quit ve Wet fiillleri Britanya ?ngilizcesi’nde d�zenliyken Amerikan ingilizcesi’nde d�zensizdir.

british english——————————–american english

quit / quitted / quitted———————quit / quit / quit
wet / wetted / wetted———————-wet / wet / wet

*Get fiilinin Participle hali Amerikan ?ngilizcesi’nde “gotten”d?r. Britanya ?ngilizcesi asla Gotten kullanmaz.

Kelimelerin yaz?m?nda (spelling) ise harf farkl?l?klar? baz? kelimelerde mevcuttur

british———————–us

centre———————–center
fibre————————-fiber
litre————————–liter
metre————————meter
theatre———————-theater or theatre

colour———————-color
flavour———————flavor
humour——————–humor
harbour——————–harbor
labour———————-labor
neighbour—————–neighbor

apologize veya apologise———————-apologize
organize veya organise————————-organize
recognize veya recognise———————-recognize

analyse ———————-analyze
breathalyse—————–breathalyze
paralyse———————-paralyze

travelled——————traveled
travelling—————–traveling
traveller——————-traveler
fuelled———————fueled
fuelling——————–fueling

leukaemia———————-leukemia
manoeuvre ——————–maneuver
oestrogen———————-estrogen
paediatric———————-pediatric

defence———————-defense
licence————————license
offence———————–offense
pretence———————pretense

not: advice (isim) advise (fiil) (bu bir yaz?m fark? de?ildir)

analogue———————analog veya analogue
catalogue——————–catalog veya catalogue
dialogue———————-dialog veya dialogue

Bunlardan ayr? olarak Amerikanlar’?n Present Perfect Tense kullan?m? da olduk�a farkl?d?r. �rne?in Present Perfect Tense kullan?m?nda �zne “i” olmak ko?uluyla Have olmaks?z?n do?rudan fiilin Participle halini kullan?rlar.

�rnek: i seen this movie before/i never been abroad/ i known him for a long time.

Ayr?ca Amerikanlar �o?unlukla Present Perfect Tense yerine do?rudan Past Tense kullan?rlar.

�rnek:
i have lost my keys (british)
i lost my keys (us)

Bunlar haricinde ba?ta dedi?imiz ?ekilde telaffuz konusunda da olduk�a ciddi farklar da vard?r

�ncelikle Amerikanlar?n “r” seslendirmesi �ok belirgin oldu?u i�in “retroflex r” meselesine hi� girmeye gerek yok. Telaffuzda Amerikanlar?n /�/ telaffuzu kendilerine �zg�d�r. Bunun en belirgin �rne?i Britanya ?ngilizcesi’nde uzun a /a:/ ile telaffuz edilen kelimelerin Amerikan ?ngilizcesi’nde /�/ sesi ile telaffuz edilmesidir.

class
command
glass /gla:s/ (us /gl�s/)
demand /di’ma:nd/ (us /di’m�nd/)
advantage
fast
dance

bu duruma �rnek g�sterilebilir.

Diphtong (iki �nl�) seslerde de farklar vard?r. ?�yle ki;

Know, Low, Snow, Grow ve bunlara benzer daha binlerce kelimedeki gibi Schwa (burada maalesef kodlanm?yor) ve ince u bile?imli Diphtong i�eren kelimelerde Amerikanlar daha sert bir aksanla Schwa’y? o sesine �evirerek telaffuz ederler. Yani Diphtong Schwa+u bile?iminden o+u bile?imine ta??n?r.

Ayr?ca baz? kelimeler Britanya’da ve Amerika’da tamamen farkl? ?ekilde telaffuz edilmektedirler. Mrne?in “mobile” kelimesi Britanya ?ngilizcesi’nde, kula??n?za da yatk?n oldu?u ?ekliyle /M?ubail/ (I schwa olmal?) ?eklinde telaffuz edilirken Amerikanlar bu kelimeyi /moubl/ ?eklinde okurlar. benzer ?ekilde;

————————————british—————————–us
vitamin—————————-/vit?min/————————–/vait?min/
privacy—————————-/’priv?si/————————–/’praiv?si/
schedule————————-/’skecu:l/————————/’?edju:l/
garage—————————/g?’ra:j/—————————/’g�ric/
advertisement—————-/?d’v�:tism?nt/——————/�dv?r’taizm?nt/
herb—————————–/h�:b/—————————–/�rb/

not: kodlanamayan Schwa ve di?er fonetik sembollerden dolay? kusura bakmay?n.